 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | ||||
| Nations | Period of existence in the Peninsula |
|---|---|
| Greek colonies | 575 BC - 45 BC |
| Roman Republic | 218 BC - 27 BC |
| Wars | Duration in the Peninsula |
|---|---|
| Great Roman Civil War | 49 BC - 45 BC |
49 BC
- The Roman Senate declare Julius Caesar a Public Enemy, beginning the Great Roman Civil War.
- Julius Caesar enters in Hispania and defeats the legions of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus' legates, Marcus Terentius Varro, Marcus Petreius and Lucius Afranius, in the battle of Ilerda.
- Gaius Cassius Longinus, legate of Caesar, is left in Hispania facing growing difficulties in maintaining local populations obedient to Rome.
46 BC
- Pompey's sons Gnaeus Pompeius and Sextus Pompeius, together with Titus Labienus, Caesar's former propraetorian legate and second in command in the Gallic War, escape to Hispania, where they continue to resist Caesar's dominance of the Roman world.
- November, Julius Caesar arrives in Hispania.
- Gaius Octavianus and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa join Julius Caesar in Hispania, where the Civil War continues.
45 BC
- Battle of Munda, in southern Hispania, where, in his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompeius.
- Sextus Pompeius, departing from his garrison at Corduba (in Baetica), roams Hispania Ulterior fighting against its governor (appointed by Julius Caesar), before fleeing for Sicily. End of the Roman Civil War.
- Julius Caesar, before going back to Rome, leaves his legate governors with the mission of pacifying Hispania and punish the local tribes for their disloyalty.
- The Greek cities of Emporion and Rhode lose their autonomy as punishment of their support to the Pompeian party.